Backmasked messages cannot even be discerned

Averill, D. (1982). Did the Devil Make You Do It?. Tulsa World.

Subliminal messages have no effect on choice behavior

Egermann, H., Kopiez, R. & Reuter, C. (2007). Is there an effect of subliminal messages in music on choice behavior?. Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis, 4(2), 29+.

Backmasking has no effect on attitude

Swart, L. C. & Morgan, C. L. (1992). Effects of subliminal backward-recorded messages on attitudes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 1107-13.

Backmasked messages only exit when suggested

Thorne, Stephen B. & Himelstein, Philip (1984). The role of suggestion in the perception of satanic messages in rock-and-roll recordings. The Journal of Psychology, 116(2), 245-48.

Backmasking is ineffective

Vokey, J. (2005). Backmasking has no effect on behavior. Psychological Sketches, 249-261.